2/1/2023 0 Comments Such is life in the zone![]() ![]() ![]() These photosynthetic organisms were so plentiful that they changed the biosphere. They were able to use sunlight to make simple sugars and oxygen out of water and carbon dioxide, a process called photosynthesis. Some prokaryotes developed a unique chemical process. Ancient prokaryotes included single-celled organisms such as bacteria and archaea. ![]() The biosphere’s earliest life-forms, called prokaryotes, survived without oxygen. The biosphere has existed for about 3.5 billion years. Although the biosphere measures about 20 kilometers (12 miles) from top to bottom, almost all life exists between about 500 meters (1,640 feet) below the ocean’s surface to about 6 kilometers (3.75 miles) above sea level. Since life exists on the ground, in the air, and in the water, the biosphere overlaps all these spheres. The Earth’s water-on the surface, in the ground, and in the air-makes up the hydrosphere. ![]() The atmosphere is the layer of air that stretches above the lithosphere. The solid surface layer of the Earth is the lithosphere. Scientists describe the Earth in terms of spheres. The biosphere extends from the deepest root systems of trees, to the dark environment of ocean trenches, to lush rain forests and high mountaintops. The biosphere is made up of the parts of Earth where life exists. ![]()
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